Virtual storage plants in parking lots of electric vehicles providing local/global power system support

In recent years, the penetration of Renewable energy sources (RES) has increased considerably in power systems. Besides, fossil fuel vehicles are gradually replaced with electric ones. Increasing RES on supply side and Plug-in (PEVs) demand side, intermittency system increases. This paper proposes a novel structure for Virtual storage plants (VSP) to integrate potentials PEVs into The suggested VSP is comprised smart charging stations, Parking lot aggregator (PLA), Local service provider (LSP), Global (GSP). PLA coordinates charging/discharging strategies based flexibility requirements side. LSP aims mitigate congestion weak lines network. GSP provides up-/down-regulation wholesale electricity market when shortage/excess occurs On three trading floors, including day-ahead, intraday, balancing markets. integrates floors hierarchically long, mid, short advance notices. price data extracted from Danish market. approach examined IEEE 14-bus system. results show that local global security during critical hours.